Historical Exchange Rates

About the Historical Exchange Rates

Find the European Central Bank’s euro foreign exchange reference rate for any working day since 4 January 1999, or every rate in a period of up to 10 years. Choose any two of 45 currencies — the euro, the 29 other currencies the ECB publishes today, former currencies such as the Croatian kuna, and the ECB’s indicative rates for currencies such as the Argentine peso — and the page works out the cross rate, for example US dollar to Indian rupee, from the two euro rates.

For one date you get that day’s rate in both directions, the ECB euro rates it comes from, and the rates before and after it; for a weekend or holiday the last rate before applies. For a period you get the average, low, high and change, a chart, daily, monthly and yearly tables, and a CSV download.

The ECB publishes these rates for information only. They are reference rates: a bank, card or money changer uses its own rate and usually adds a margin or fees.

Common uses

• Checking what a past payment, invoice or salary in another currency was worth on the day.
• Getting the average rate of a month, a calendar year or an April–March year for a report or a budget comparison.
• Seeing how far a currency moved over months or years, with the low and the high marked.
• Downloading a clean daily table for a spreadsheet, with the ECB source noted in the file.

Where the rates come from

The ECB euro foreign exchange reference rates come from a daily concertation between central banks across Europe at around 14:10 CET and are published at about 16:00 CET on every working day except TARGET closing days. The ECB lists those closing days as New Year’s Day, Good Friday, Easter Monday, Labour Day (1 May), Christmas Day and 26 December (ECB holidays); weekends have no rates either.

MySmartCoPilot’s server asks the ECB Data Portal for the daily series of dataset EXR (D.<currency>.EUR.SP00.A, units of the currency per euro), splits long periods into calendar years and keeps each year for a while, so repeat lookups are fast. When the Data Portal does not answer, recent dates fall back to the ECB’s own 90-day reference-rate file, which carries the same published values.

The ECB’s disclaimer and copyright terms allow free use of information from its website when the ECB is cited as the source and any change to it is stated, and say that the ECB accepts no liability for losses from acting on its exchange reference rates. That is why the page and the CSV name the ECB and say that cross rates, inverses and averages are calculated by MySmartCoPilot.

How cross rates and averages are worked out

Every ECB rate says how many units of a currency one euro buys. For two other currencies the page divides one euro rate by the other:

• Rate A → B = (B per euro) ÷ (A per euro). On 31 March 2026: 107.8788 INR ÷ 1.1498 USD = 93.82397 INR per US dollar.
• Average = the simple mean of the daily rates on ECB working days in the period. Weekends and holidays are not filled in, so each published day counts once.
• Monthly and yearly tables apply the same to each calendar month or year of the period (the first and last can be partial); Last rate is the rate of its last ECB working day within the period.
• Change compares the first and the last rate of the period; in the daily table it is the change from the previous ECB working day.

Rates are shown with up to 7 significant digits, and every calculation uses the unrounded ECB values. The ECB publishes only the euro rates: cross rates, inverses and averages are calculated by MySmartCoPilot, as the CSV also states.

Which currencies and dates are covered

• Published today (29): US dollar, Japanese yen, pound sterling, Swiss franc, the Australian, Canadian, New Zealand, Hong Kong and Singapore dollars, Chinese yuan renminbi, Indian rupee, Indonesian rupiah, South Korean won, Malaysian ringgit, Philippine peso, Thai baht, Israeli shekel, Turkish lira, Brazilian real, Mexican peso, South African rand, and the Czech, Danish, Hungarian, Icelandic, Norwegian, Polish, Romanian and Swedish currencies.
• Replaced by the euro: Greek drachma (to 2000), Slovenian tolar (to 2006), Cyprus pound and Maltese lira (to 2007), Slovak koruna (to 2008), Estonian kroon (to 2010), Latvian lats (to 2013), Lithuanian litas (to 2014), Croatian kuna (to 30 December 2022) and Bulgarian lev (to 31 December 2025).
• Suspended: the ECB stopped publishing the Russian rouble rate; the last one is from 1 March 2022. The ECB published no Icelandic krona reference rates from 10 December 2008 to 31 January 2018 (the Data Portal has none from 4 December 2008); the chart leaves such long gaps empty.
• Indicative only: Argentine peso, Algerian dinar, Moroccan dirham and New Taiwan dollar, from January 2000 to October 2020.

Some currencies have Data Portal values from before they joined the ECB’s daily reference-rate list — the Indian rupee from 13 January 2000 although it was added on 2 January 2009; the Chinese yuan, Indonesian rupiah, Malaysian ringgit, Philippine peso, Thai baht, Croatian kuna and Russian rouble were added on 1 April 2005, the Brazilian real and Mexican peso on 2 January 2008, and the Israeli shekel on 3 January 2011. Those earlier days are marked † in the table, the chart and the CSV. Turkish lira rates before 2005 and Romanian leu rates before July 2005 are the ECB’s rates for the old lira and the old leu, expressed in today’s units (1 TRY = 1,000,000 TRL; 1 RON = 10,000 ROL).

Using reference rates in accounts and tax returns

Tax authorities, auditors and contracts often say which exchange rate to use — a particular central bank’s or bank’s rate, the rate of the transaction day, or a month-end or average rate. The ECB rate may or may not be the one that applies to you, so check the rule first. Keep the CSV: it records the dates, the ECB’s euro rates and how the cross rates were calculated.

Limitations

• Reference rates are a once-a-day snapshot for information. They are not live market rates and not the rate your bank, card or remittance service will apply.
• Up to 10 years per lookup. For a longer history, look up one period at a time and download each table.
• Only currencies in the ECB’s data are available — not, for example, the UAE dirham, Saudi riyal or Nepalese rupee.
• The ECB Data Portal is sometimes slow; MySmartCoPilot retries automatically, but a long lookup can still fail. Trying again a little later usually works.
• Days before a currency joined the ECB’s reference-rate list (marked †) come from the ECB’s statistical series, partly published by the ECB as indicative rates.

Privacy

Only the currencies and dates you choose are sent to MySmartCoPilot’s server, which asks the ECB Data Portal for the rates and caches them. The amount you type never leaves your browser. Nothing about you is saved: the hourly limit on lookups uses a temporary, anonymised counter in the server’s memory.