Case Converter

About the Case Converter

Paste text once and get it in thirteen cases side by side: UPPER CASE, lower case, Title Case, Sentence case, camelCase, PascalCase, snake_case, kebab-case, CONSTANT_CASE, dot.case, path/case, aLtErNaTiNg and InVeRsE. Copy any of them with one click.

Title Case follows real style-guide rules: small words such as of, the and and stay lower case unless they start or end the title, and acronyms such as NASA or brand names such as iPhone are kept. Each line is converted on its own, so a whole list of headings or variable names converts in one go.

Common uses

• Fixing text typed with Caps Lock on.
• Formatting headlines, blog titles and email subjects consistently.
• Turning column names or field labels into variable, constant or CSS class names.
• Converting a list of names or titles line by line.

Title Case rules used here

• AP / APA (default): every word is capitalised except articles (a, an, the), short conjunctions (and, as, but, for, if, nor, or, so, yet) and short prepositions (at, by, in, of, off, on, per, to, up, via). This follows the APA Style title case guide and the AP rule of capitalising words of four or more letters.
• Chicago: also lower-cases longer prepositions such as over, between and without, but capitalises if, so and yet.
• Every word: capitalises each word, which suits names and labels.

In every style the first and last words are capitalised, as is the first word after a colon or a dash. Hyphenated words are capitalised on both sides (Self-Driving), except small words inside them (Step-by-Step). Words that already have capitals inside them, such as NASA, iPhone and McDonald’s, are left as typed unless the whole line is in capitals. Email addresses, web addresses and file names are never changed.

Programming cases

camelCase, PascalCase, snake_case, kebab-case, CONSTANT_CASE, dot.case and path/case first split the text into words. Spaces, punctuation, underscores and hyphens separate words, and so do capital letters inside a word: XMLHttpRequest becomes XML, Http, Request. Apostrophes are dropped (don't → dont), digits stay with the word before them (version2Beta → version2_beta), and accented letters and other scripts are kept.

• camelCase: JavaScript and Java variables, userFirstName
• PascalCase: classes, types and React components, UserFirstName
• snake_case: Python, Ruby and database columns, user_first_name
• kebab-case: URLs, CSS classes and file names, user-first-name
• CONSTANT_CASE: constants and environment variables, USER_FIRST_NAME

Why the language matters

Upper and lower case do not work the same way in every language. Turkish and Azerbaijani have a dotted and a dotless i: i becomes İ and ı becomes I, so “istanbul” in capitals is “İSTANBUL”. Greek drops accents in all-capital text (άδεια → ΑΔΕΙΑ) but keeps them on a single capital letter (Άδεια). Dutch capitalises the letter pair IJ together (IJsland), and German ß becomes SS in capitals. Choose the language under Language rules to get these right; the converter uses your browser’s built-in Unicode case rules.

Limitations

• Title Case cannot tell how a word is used, so a preposition in a phrasal verb stays lower case: give up your seat becomes Give up Your Seat where a style guide wants Give Up Your Seat, and Chicago style also gives Turn down the Music. Chicago style keeps like, out and past capitalised, because in titles they are seldom prepositions. Fix such words by hand.
• Sentence case lower-cases everything except the first word of each sentence, the pronoun I and acronyms, so names such as london or maria need their capitals added by hand.
• After an abbreviation such as U.S., a.m. or etc., a new sentence starts only if the next word was typed with a capital in text that is not all capitals, so we left at 5 p.m. then we ate stays one sentence; add such capitals by hand.
• Texts over 100,000 characters show a preview on each card; Copy still converts the whole text.

Privacy

Everything happens in your browser. What you enter or open here is not uploaded or stored by MySmartCoPilot.