VAT Calculator (Add or Remove VAT)
Net, VAT and gross at any rate — UK, EU, Gulf and more — plus multi-rate invoices.
Country and rate
Source: GOV.UK
Working
Invoice with several lines
VAT by rate
All rates in this calculator
Standard rate first. Each country’s link is the official source used. EU rates: European Commission TEDB.
| Country | Standard | Other rates | Source |
|---|---|---|---|
| Austria VAT | 20% | 13% reduced, 10% reduced, 4.9% super-reduced | TEDB |
| Belgium VAT | 21% | 12% reduced, 6% reduced | TEDB |
| Bulgaria VAT | 20% | 9% reduced | TEDB |
| Croatia VAT | 25% | 13% reduced, 5% reduced | TEDB |
| Cyprus VAT | 19% | 9% reduced, 5% reduced, 3% super-reduced | TEDB |
| Czechia VAT | 21% | 12% reduced | TEDB |
| Denmark VAT | 25% | — | TEDB |
| Estonia VAT | 24% | 13% reduced, 9% reduced | TEDB |
| Finland VAT | 25.5% | 13.5% reduced, 10% reduced | TEDB |
| France VAT | 20% | 10% reduced, 5.5% reduced, 2.1% super-reduced | TEDB |
| Germany VAT | 19% | 7% reduced | TEDB |
| Greece VAT | 24% | 13% reduced, 6% reduced, 4% super-reduced | TEDB |
| Hungary VAT | 27% | 18% reduced, 5% reduced | TEDB |
| Ireland VAT | 23% | 13.5% reduced, 9% reduced | TEDB |
| Italy VAT | 22% | 10% reduced, 5% reduced, 4% super-reduced | TEDB |
| Latvia VAT | 21% | 12% reduced, 5% reduced | TEDB |
| Lithuania VAT | 21% | 12% reduced, 5% reduced | TEDB |
| Luxembourg VAT | 17% | 14% reduced, 8% reduced, 3% super-reduced | TEDB |
| Malta VAT | 18% | 12% parking, 7% reduced, 5% reduced | TEDB |
| Netherlands VAT | 21% | 9% reduced | TEDB |
| Poland VAT | 23% | 8% reduced, 5% reduced | TEDB |
| Portugal VAT | 23% | 13% reduced, 6% reduced | TEDB |
| Romania VAT | 21% | 11% reduced | TEDB |
| Slovakia VAT | 23% | 19% reduced, 5% reduced | TEDB |
| Slovenia VAT | 22% | 9.5% reduced, 5% reduced | TEDB |
| Spain VAT | 21% | 10% reduced, 4% super-reduced | TEDB |
| Sweden VAT | 25% | 12% reduced, 6% reduced | TEDB |
| Norway VAT | 25% | 15% reduced, 12% reduced | Skatteetaten (Norwegian Tax Administration) |
| Switzerland VAT | 8.1% | 3.8% special, 2.6% reduced | Swiss Federal Tax Administration (FTA) |
| United Kingdom VAT | 20% | 5% reduced, 0% zero | GOV.UK |
| Bahrain VAT | 10% | 0% zero | National Bureau for Revenue (NBR) |
| Oman VAT | 5% | 0% zero | Oman Tax Authority |
| Saudi Arabia VAT | 15% | — | Saudi Ministry of Finance |
| United Arab Emirates VAT | 5% | — | UAE Ministry of Finance |
| Kenya VAT | 16% | 0% zero | Kenya Revenue Authority (KRA) |
| South Africa VAT | 15% | 0% zero | South African Revenue Service (SARS) |
| Australia GST | 10% | — | business.gov.au |
| Japan Consumption tax | 10% | 8% reduced | National Tax Agency (NTA) |
| New Zealand GST | 15% | — | Inland Revenue (IRD) |
| Singapore GST | 9% | — | IRAS |
| Canada GST/HST | 5% | 13% hst, 14% hst, 15% hst | Canada Revenue Agency |
Tax rules and rates change. This calculator follows the rules described on this page and may not cover every situation. Check the official source or a qualified tax professional before filing or invoicing.
About the VAT Calculator (Add or Remove VAT)
Add VAT to a price, or take the VAT out of an amount that already includes it, at any rate. Or pick a country and one of its rates from a table: the United Kingdom, all 27 EU member states, Switzerland, Norway, the UAE, Saudi Arabia, Bahrain, Oman, South Africa, Kenya, Australia, New Zealand, Singapore, Japan and Canada (GST/HST). Amounts are rounded to the currency’s smallest unit — three decimals for Bahraini dinars and Omani rials, none for yen.
For an invoice with several lines at different rates, enter each line’s quantity, price and rate: you get the tax for each rate, the net and gross totals, and a CSV you can open in a spreadsheet. Everything is calculated in your browser; nothing you type is sent anywhere.
How to use it
- Choose the country and one of its rates — the hint underneath says what the rate is used for and where it comes from. For anything else, choose Custom and type the rate.
- Choose Add VAT if your amount does not include VAT yet, or Remove VAT if it does, and type the amount. Prices such as
1.234,56or19,99are understood too. - Read the amount before VAT, the VAT and the total, with the working. Copy puts the result on your clipboard.
- For a bill with several items, use Invoice with several lines: one line per item with quantity, unit price and rate. Choose whether the prices include VAT and how to round, then copy the summary or download the CSV.
Examples
VAT £50.00 · Total £300.00
VAT £50.00 (£300 × 20 ÷ 120, the VAT fraction 1/6) · Net £250.00
VAT AED 50.00 · Before VAT AED 1,000.00
VAT €3.80 (19.99 × 0.19 = 3.7981) · Total €23.79
VAT BHD 1.235 · Total BHD 13.580 — the dinar has three decimals
Common uses
- Quoting a price with VAT added, or finding the price before VAT on a receipt.
- Checking the VAT on an invoice from a supplier in another country.
- Totalling a quick invoice with standard-rated, reduced-rated and zero-rated items.
- Comparing what the same net price costs with VAT in different countries.
How VAT is added and removed
- Adding VAT: VAT = net amount × rate ÷ 100, and the total = net + VAT. At 20%, £250 becomes £250 + £50 = £300.
- Removing VAT: VAT = gross amount × rate ÷ (100 + rate). HMRC calls rate ÷ (100 + rate) the VAT fraction: 20/120, or one-sixth, at 20%, and 1/21 at 5% (VAT Notice 700, paragraph 7.3.1). So £300 including 20% VAT contains £300 ÷ 6 = £50 of VAT.
- A common mistake is to take 20% of the gross price: 20% of £300 is £60, not the £50 of VAT it contains. Dividing by 1.2 gives the net price; multiplying by 0.8 does not.
Where the rates come from
EU rates come from the European Commission’s Taxes in Europe Database (TEDB); the Member States supply that information themselves. TEDB lists the categories each reduced rate applies to, and the hints here name a few of them — a reduced rate usually covers only some items in a category, so check the national list for your goods. Rates for particular regions — the Canary Islands, Corsica and the French overseas departments, Madeira and the Azores, some Aegean islands — are not presets.
The other countries come from their tax authorities or finance ministries: GOV.UK, the Swiss FTA, Skatteetaten, the UAE Ministry of Finance, the Saudi Ministry of Finance, Bahrain’s NBR, the Oman Tax Authority, SARS, KRA, business.gov.au, New Zealand’s IRD, IRAS/basics-of-gst/current-gst-rates), Japan’s National Tax Agency and the Canada Revenue Agency. Every country in the calculator links to its source. For India, use the GST calculator.
Rounding and currencies
Each amount is rounded half up to the currency’s smallest unit as listed in ISO 4217: cents and pence for most currencies, three decimals (fils, baisa) for the Bahraini dinar and Omani rial, and whole units for the yen.
On an invoice the VAT can be rounded on each line and then added up, or worked out once on the total for each rate. The two can differ by a cent: three lines of €0.10 at 5% give 3 × €0.01 = €0.03 when rounded per line, but €0.30 × 5% = €0.015, which rounds to €0.02, when rounded per rate. Use the method your accounting system or tax authority uses.
Which rate applies?
The rate depends on what is supplied and, for cross-border sales, on where the supply is taxed and who the customer is. Business-to-business sales between EU countries, for example, are often invoiced without VAT under the reverse-charge rules, and exports are usually zero-rated. The calculator does the arithmetic for the rate you choose; it does not decide the rate.
Limitations
- You choose the rate. The calculator does not classify goods or services, and the hints are examples, not the full lists.
- Reverse charge, exemptions, margin schemes, place-of-supply rules and partial exemption are not handled.
- US sales tax is not included: state and local rates differ by address. Enter the combined rate as a custom rate.
- Rates were checked and can change; regional rates (Canary Islands, Madeira, the Azores, Corsica and others) are not presets.
Privacy
Everything happens in your browser. What you enter or open here is not uploaded or stored by MySmartCoPilot.
Frequently asked questions
How do I add 20% VAT to a price?
Multiply the price by 0.2 to get the VAT, or by 1.2 to get the total. £250 + 20% VAT = £250 + £50 = £300.
How do I remove VAT from a price that includes it?
Divide by 1 plus the rate: at 20%, £300 ÷ 1.2 = £250 before VAT. The VAT is the difference, £50 — the same as £300 × 20 ÷ 120, which HMRC calls the VAT fraction (one-sixth at 20%). Taking 20% of £300 (£60) is wrong.
What is the VAT rate in the UAE and in Saudi Arabia?
The UAE standard rate is 5%, the rate VAT began with. Saudi Arabia’s rate is 15%; it was 5% when VAT began. Bahrain charges 10%, and Oman 5%.
What are the EU VAT rates?
Standard rates range from 17% in Luxembourg to 27% in Hungary; most are between 19% and 25.5%. Most countries also have one or more reduced rates, for example 7% in Germany, 5.5% and 10% in France and 9% in the Netherlands. Pick a country to see all its rates and where they come from.
Does it work for GST in Australia, New Zealand, Singapore or Canada?
Yes. GST works the same way: Australia charges 10%, New Zealand 15% and Singapore 9%. In Canada, GST is 5%, and the harmonized sales tax (HST) is 13% in Ontario, 14% in Nova Scotia and 15% in New Brunswick, Newfoundland and Labrador and Prince Edward Island.
Why is my invoice’s VAT a penny different?
Because of rounding. VAT rounded on every line and then added up can differ by a cent or a penny from VAT worked out once on the total. Choose the rounding method under Invoice with several lines to match your invoice.